Juan David Gutiérrez. Universidad de los Andes
Latin America is part of a global trend of growing interest in introducing regulations that address artificial intelligence (AI). Between 2023 and 2024, at least nine Latin American countries have submitted, discussed and/or approved artificial intelligence bills: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. This chapter examines the current regulation that directly and indirectly address the development, acquisition, adoption, and use of AI in the region. The text maps the current mandatory rules that create obligations, rights, and/or prohibit certain conducts, as opposed to non-mandatory principles, standards, or recommendations. The paper characterizes the regulatory tools (e.g. audits, impact assessments, standards, algorithmic transparency) and the AI regulatory approaches (e.g. rights-based, risks-based, prescriptive) in place or discussed in the nine Latin American countries. Finally, discusses the policy and political challenges associated with the enactment and implementation of AI regulation in the Global South